Ethereum
Multisig wallets: what they solve, and what they cost you
A multisig wallet requires several keys to approve a transaction, which removes the single point of failure at the heart of ordinary self-custody. It also introduces complexity that has lost people their funds.
How to verify a crypto address before you hit send
Address poisoning, clipboard malware and lookalike characters all exploit the same habit: copying an address without checking it. Here is a verification routine that takes seconds and survives all three.
Token approvals: the permission that quietly drains wallets
Every DeFi app you touch asks for a token approval, and most of them ask for an unlimited one. Here is what that permission actually grants, how it gets abused, and the review routine that keeps it contained.
What Is DeFi and How Does It Work?
Decentralised finance recreates lending, trading, and saving using smart contracts instead of banks. Here is how it works — and the risks you need to weigh.
How Gas Fees Work on Ethereum
Gas fees are the cost of doing anything on Ethereum. Learn what drives them, why they spike, and practical ways to pay less without risking your funds.
Layer 1 vs Layer 2 Blockchains Explained
Layer 1 is the base blockchain; layer 2 is a network built on top to make it faster and cheaper. Here is how they differ and why both matter for scaling.
Proof of Work vs Proof of Stake Explained
Proof of work uses energy and mining; proof of stake uses locked-up coins. Here is how each secures a blockchain and the trade-offs between them.
What are rollups and how do they scale Ethereum?
A deeper look at optimistic and zero-knowledge rollups — how they cut fees, inherit Ethereum's security, and differ from each other.